Stainless steel is more and more popular because of its beautiful appearance, corrosion resistance and non-damage. There are more and more places where stainless steel is used in pots and pans, urban sculptures, buildings, and decoration rooms. However, people do not know much about stainless steel. Some customers buy stainless steel kitchen utensils and try to hold them on stainless steel vessels. go with. It is believed that the magnet is sucked by stainless steel, and the stainless steel is not sucked. It is unscientific to use the utility magnet to attract good or bad, indicating that people still have misunderstandings about stainless steel.
Usually iron and steel are distinguished by the amount of carbon. An iron-carbon alloy having a carbon content of 2% or less is steel, and a carbon content of 2% or more is called iron. Steel is widely used because of its toughness, elasticity and rigidity. Steel is exposed to life, but people are different. For stainless steel, stainless steel is stainless steel as long as it meets the quality standards. The main element of corrosion resistance of stainless steel is chromium. Steel with a chromium content of 10.5% or more does not rust. When the alloying elements added during smelting are different, there is a difference between the magnets being sucked up and not sucked. Stainless steel is generally classified according to the structure of the structure, and can be divided into austenite, ferrite, martensite and the like.
stainless steel
If different proportions of chromium and nickel are added to the molten steel, the austenitic steel that is refined is stainless steel that cannot be absorbed by the magnet; if chromium and a small amount of nickel (or no nickel) are added to the molten steel, the refined steel is Ferritic stainless steel with magnets absorbed; the main alloying elements of martensitic stainless steel are chromium, iron and carbon. Stainless steel has more than 100 kinds of alloys, and its characteristics and functions are different. Generally, austenitic stainless steel is used for decoration, landscape and sculpture. Because austenitic stainless steel has a low thermal conductivity, it is not suitable to use it as a kettle, wok or rice cooker, which will waste energy and prolong the time of boiling water for cooking.
The use of ferritic stainless steel as a wok and rice cooker not only has excellent corrosion resistance, but also has a thermal conductivity nearly half that of austenitic stainless steel. Washing machine inner bucket, water heater, sink, etc., as long as the vessel in contact with water should use ferritic stainless steel. Some people complain that stainless steel cutters are not fast because of the wrong stainless steel. Austenitic stainless steel cannot be hardened and is not suitable for tools and cutting tools. A tool made of martensitic stainless steel can change the hardness of stainless steel by heat treatment such as quenching and tempering.
Stainless steel cutlery
"Stainless steel" is only a general term. The standard name is "acid and alkali resistant steel". Stainless steel is a steel product made by adding metal elements such as chromium and nickel to ordinary steel. The content of metal elements such as nickel, molybdenum and titanium is high. The higher the quality of stainless steel, the better. The traditional method of identification is to use a magnet to attract, the smaller the magnetic, the better the quality. Only chromium-free nickel is chrome stainless steel, chrome-nickel stainless steel is not attracted by magnets, used in industrial and chemical fields, general household appliances such as microwave ovens, rice cookers, electric water heaters, electric hot water bottles are made of chrome stainless steel, can be sucked by magnets live. All austenitic stainless steels are magnetic.
Stainless steel knife and fork
Principle of magnet attraction
It is determined by the characteristics of the magnet that if the atomic current is interpreted, the magnetic field generated by the current magnetizes the magnetized object of another object, and the electric field and electric field interact to generate a force. Matter is mostly composed of molecules, molecules are made up of atoms, and atoms are composed of nuclei and electrons. Inside the atom, the electrons keep spinning and rotate around the nucleus. Both of these movements of electrons produce magnetism. However, in most substances, the direction of electron movement is different and disordered, and the magnetic effects cancel each other out. Therefore, most substances do not exhibit magnetism under normal conditions. Ferromagnetic substances such as iron, cobalt, nickel or ferrite are different. The internal electron spins can be spontaneously arranged in a small range to form a spontaneous magnetization zone. This spontaneous magnetization zone is called a magnetic domain. After the ferromagnetic substance is magnetized, the internal magnetic domains are neatly arranged and aligned in the same direction to strengthen the magnetic force, and the magnet is formed. The magnet absorption process of the magnet is the magnetization process of the iron block. The magnetized iron block and the magnet are attracted to each other in different polarities, and the iron block is firmly adhered to the magnet. We said that the magnet is magnetic.
Whether a magnet can pick up a thing is related to the magnetic permeability of the object being sucked, and the magnetic permeability and the magnetic domain are related, nature
magnet
Among the various elements, nickel has the highest magnetic permeability, then cobalt, and again iron. Other substances such as copper also have a certain magnetic permeability, but they are very low, which makes us feel nothing, not iron. Can be sucked up by magnets, stainless steel belongs to the alloy, that is, on the basis of iron, chromium and nickel are added. For example, 1Cr13 is added with Cr, 310 stainless steel, Cr25Ni20Si2, is added with Cr and Ni and Si, and 304 stainless steel is added with Cr and Ni. And Ti, etc., this changes the original magnetic domain arrangement, the magnetic permeability is reduced, even our hands can not feel, so we feel that we do not suck. According to the same principle, we can also use the alloy method An alloy with a very high magnetic permeability.
magnet
People often use stainless steel magnets to verify their pros and cons. Do not smoke without magnetism, think it is good, and vice versa, it is considered a counterfeit fake. In fact, this is an unrealistic way of distinguishing. People who have been operating stainless steel materials for more than ten years know that it is very likely to suffer from the traditional method of determining whether or not there is magnetism. According to them, there are many kinds of stainless steel, which can be divided into austenite type and martensite or ferrite type according to the structure at room temperature. The austenite type is non-magnetic or weakly magnetic, and the martensite or ferrite type is magnetic. However, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is usually used as a decorative tube sheet. The austenitic type 304 material is generally non-magnetic. However, magnetic properties may occur due to fluctuations in chemical composition or processing conditions due to smelting. This cannot be considered as a counterfeit or unqualified. In addition, the 304 stainless steel is cold-worked, and the microstructure is also transformed into Markov. The greater the cold work deformation, the more the martensite transformation, the greater the magnetic properties of the steel. On the contrary, the 200-series stainless steel of the second-class quality is likely to be magnetic, so it is a mistake to judge that it is genuine stainless steel.
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