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The trend of neodymium magnet price in the second half of 2019
Time:07/26/2019
Rare earths are China's strategic resources, and magnetic materials are a relatively prosperous area for downstream applications of rare earths.
 
Magnets are a very magical product, and magnet manufacturers are emerging frequently. Southern Guangdong, Guangxi, Central and Eastern Zhejiang, Ningbo, Shandong Zibo, Shandong Yantai, Anhui, southwestern Jiangxi, Ganzhou, southwestern Sichuan, slightly north of Beijing, Baotou Hundreds of flowers lie in a hundred schools of thought, including the domestic origin of light and heavy rare earth Baotou, Zhangzhou, there are also the new axis of the high-rise industry in Ningbo, Hengdian and so on. State-owned enterprises and large-scale enterprises have formed a group of heroes and hegemony. Small and medium sinter plants all over the country have also sprung up, and the supporting policies for the origin of rare earth minerals such as Baotou and Zhangzhou are very strong, and the rare earth magnetic material industrial parks have risen. Small-scale slicing processing plants, trading companies with small teams of several people are more numerous. Online and offline penetrated into all walks of life, contributing to the development of the entire rare earth permanent magnet industry.
 
So far, the evolution of magnets has gone through several stages. In 1967, Americans developed samarium-cobalt magnets, marking the arrival of the era of rare earth magnets. So far, rare earth permanent magnets have undergone the first generation of SmCo5, the second generation of precipitation hardening type Sm2Co17, and developed to the third generation of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet materials. Ferrite magnets are the most permanent magnet materials used in the previous generation. Now with the popularization of NdFeB magnets, the price is getting lower and lower. The output value of NdFeB magnets has greatly exceeded the ferrite permanent magnet materials. The production of iron-boron magnets has developed into the most demanding magnet in the market.
 
Next, I will talk about the international situation of the NdFeB magnet market. At the Magnetics and Magnet Materials Conference held in the United States in 1983, Sagawa from Japan published the first paper on NdFeB magnets and applied for a patent. All kinds of metal permanent magnets before the invention of NdFeB have not applied for relevant patents and are directly open to the public for research and use by researchers in the industry. However, after the invention of the NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet, the disclosure of any new magnet research must be based on the patent application to the relevant country or patent organization.
 
 
Hitachi Metal
Japan has taken the lead in patent applications for NdFeB. In 1983, Sumitomo Corporation of Japan first filed a patent application for NdFeB in Japan, Europe, and the United States, and then General Motors Corporation (McGen Kong Magnetics) applied for component patents in the above three regions. Finally, Japan obtained patents in Europe and Japan, and GM obtained a patent license in the United States. The acquisition of the NdFeB component patents by the two companies is a major event in the NdFeB industry and has changed the overall NdFeB industry. Since then, NdFeB companies that have not been authorized by the two companies are unable to produce and sell NdFeB magnets in the US, Japan and Europe.
 
At present, only 8 companies in China have obtained the authorization to produce and sell NdFeB. However, hundreds of NdFeB companies in our country have blocked the export of their products. It can be said that the patent limit of NdFeB has become a constraint to the development of NdFeB. The biggest bottleneck. Although the NdFeB industry has been developing for more than 30 years, it has formed a complete industrial chain. However, for our country's NdFeB enterprises, export restrictions have seriously hindered the company's development and industry development. From the perspective of invention patents, the international protection period for patents is generally 20 years. Hitachi Metals invention patents expired in 2003, and he applied for process patents in order to build trade barriers and keep non-patent authorized companies out of the market. Hitachi Metal's most effective rare earth patent is a component patent, but this patent expired in 2003. In addition, the structural patents applied by Hitachi Metals will expire in 2014. But it extended its expiration time to 2029 by extending the patent for the process.
 
China's Rare Earth Export Status When Chinese manufacturing began to expand its export market shortly after the reform and opening up, multinational companies were already laying out patent blockades. When China became a global world factory and China was manufactured all over the world, multinational corporations in developed countries such as Japan, Europe and the United States had completed patent cross-blocking in major global markets.
 
If the manufacturing countries with second and third gradients such as China want to export, they must apply for patents from multinational companies and pay high patent fees. If you are unfortunately not eligible for a patent license, then the products produced by the company cannot be exported.
 
According to the official website of Hitachi Metals, it has applied for more than 600 patents of NdFeB in the world, including more than 100 applications in the United States. The application for the application in China around 2000 has not been announced, but the industry has said that it has reached 320. Multiple.
 
According to statistics, the current production of NdFeB in China is about 80,000 tons, of which the patent-licensed output is about 20,000 tons, and among the remaining 60,000 tons, 30,000-40,000 tons are digested in the domestic market, and there are 2 Ten thousand to 30,000 tons of exports require a patent license. Magnetic materials are a relatively prosperous area for downstream applications of rare earths. NdFeB materials are widely used in motors, wind power, automobiles and electroacoustics. But this relatively prosperous field has been firmly controlled by Hitachi Metals in Japan with patented technology.
 
 
Base metal growth trend
 
Metal 镝 change trend
 
2018 price trend
The international export situation is very grim, and the domestic manufacturers' price-to-price competition is also a mourning. In 2011, the rare earth materials related to the production of iron-boron magnets have been in the market for a period of time. In just seven or eight months, the price of related rare earths has increased by a factor of ten or even 20 times. The amount of base metals has increased from 200,000 to 300,000, and metal bismuth has increased by nearly 30 times. As long as there are resources, millions of dollars can incite hundreds of millions of proceeds. At that time, a large number of people were squandering materials through speculation, and they were among the billions of clubs. As long as they had goods on hand, they would not sell, cash, deposits. Manufacturers arrange, a few people's trading company, to be a website, Baidu promotion, you can receive a large number of orders, this crazy long has caused a group of people interested in magnets, as long as I heard about magnets, even magnets The bosses of the telephone booths around the factory have joined the industry. After 2011, a large number of new magnet companies are registered every year. A large group of people enter the magnet industry. After three or five years of competition, they have now entered the cruel stage of the bayonet's close fight. The factory must survive and the company must survive. To have customers, in order to sell the magnets, large and small factories and traders have stunned their eyes. Take the example of export. Foreign buyers basically do not need to bargain too much through the trading platform. Our internal competition has already Most of the profits are erased. They can at least slightly bargain and buy products that are positioned as strategic resources at near-cost prices. In the new year, in the face of the transformation of domestic manufacturing industry and the transfer of foreign-funded enterprises, the growth rate of demand for magnets will definitely slow down. However, there are new magnet companies that are constantly arranging, and newcomers are constantly entering the market, which is bound to bring cruelty. Competition, the extension of price competition is definitely a discount of quality. For the majority of magnet demanders, when purchasing magnets, it is necessary to confirm the scale of the company, try not to be too cheap, choose a larger scale, and set up a long-term enterprise, the quality will be more Guarantee.